|
金陵翻譯院四級(jí)沖刺班作文講座
----------鄧明
高分作文的要素可歸納如下：
w 1） 內(nèi)容切題，即嚴(yán)格按照題目所規(guī)定的內(nèi)容來(lái)作文章。
w 2） 表達(dá)清楚，即觀點(diǎn)鮮明，意思完整，論證充分，首尾 呼應(yīng)。
w 3） 意思連貫，即文字通順，句段連接自然，文章條理清 楚。
w 4） 句法多變，即遣詞造句熟練自如，語(yǔ)句靈活多變，自 然得體。
w 5） 語(yǔ)言正確，即句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞無(wú)重大錯(cuò)誤.
只要接近或做到上面所述的五條標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，就算上是一篇高分作文了。總而言之：作文要清楚地表現(xiàn)出一定的修辭和造句能力，盡管有偶然出錯(cuò)。文章要組織得好，展開的好，緊緊地圍繞著題目寫。要用合適的論據(jù)、細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)說(shuō)明論點(diǎn)，或闡明思想。文章要有完整性、連貫性、擴(kuò)展性。語(yǔ)言要流暢，能使用多種句型，用詞恰當(dāng).
寫自己有把握的句子和詞（Play Safe）。但不能因此連最基本的詞都不會(huì)寫，而且要想得高分，一定要學(xué)會(huì)用難度較高的詞和一些富有變化的句子。
開門見山，要有閃光點(diǎn)。將平時(shí)積累的一些好的句型有機(jī)地組合進(jìn)文章中去。切忌將中文的寫作習(xí)慣帶進(jìn)英文中來(lái)。這就要求我們平時(shí)多留心，多背一些好的短文和句子，一旦在考試中需要表達(dá)相近意思的句子時(shí)，只要稍許改動(dòng)，即可用得上。
下面請(qǐng)大家看一個(gè)圖表式作文的寫作模板。
Recent years have witnessed the dramatic changes in the number of ... From the chart we can see that the …shows a steady trend of … In … and …, there were only …respectively, but in the past…years, there has been a rapid increase, jumping from …to ….
With the development of economy and improvement of living standard, more and more people can fulfill their dreams of …and … helps to fuel this boom. But many people consider this as a mixed blessing in that … Besides, …
What shall we do to deal with the problem? I think it can be approached from several directions. First of all, we must …. At the same time, effective measures should be taken to ... Only by doing this can we avoid the terrible …while keeping the benefits …
Example 1 (作文題請(qǐng)見沖刺班講義)
Recent years have witnessed the dramatic changes in the number of cars in the cities of China. From the chart we can see that the car ownership shows a steady trend of increase. In 1990 and 1995, there were only 50,000 and 100,000 cars respectively, but in the past five years, there has been a rapid increase in the ownership, jumping from 200,000 in 2000 to 600,000 cars in 2005.
With the development of economy and improvement of living standard, more and more people can fulfill their dreams of having cars and the constant drops of prices help to fuel this boom. But many people consider this as a mixed blessing in that an increasing number of cars result in many negative effects such as serious traffic jams and air pollution. Besides, more cars bring about the problem of parking, sparking more conflicts with neighbors or other road users.
What shall we do to cope with the problem? I think it can be approached from several directions. First of all, we must develop mass transit by setting aside special bus passages or accelerating the construction of subways to ease the traffic difficulty at the rush hours. At the same time, effective measures should be taken to discourage the manufacturing of those low-efficient and polluting cars. Finally, more underground parking lots should be built to accommodate the large numbers of cars. Only by doing this can we avoid the terrible traffic congestion and conflicts while keeping the benefits that cars have brought to us!
中心論題材一般先描述目前的情況，分析原因，然后提出相應(yīng)的解決辦法。模版中的一些語(yǔ)句須根據(jù)試題的要求做出調(diào)整。
In recent years, there has been a dramatic rise (increase) in …. （或者）Recently the issue of…… has been brought into public attention. （或借用前種類型的開頭）…The reasons for …are quite complex. Some people attribute it to …, while others place the blame on …But I think ….
Fortunately, this has not only aroused the attention of … but the … as well. …
There is a long way to go … Only when …can we expect to …
Example 2 (作文題請(qǐng)見沖刺班講義)
Recently the issue of students’ cheating on exams has been brought into public attention. In every kind of examinations, from ordinary term tests to national-scale formal exams such as CET-4, we often hear about many cases of cheating being uncovered. The most shocking thing is, perhaps, that the exposed cases are only a part of the ice-berg.
The reasons for this phenomenon are quite complex. Some people attribute it to the fact that many students don’t work hard enough and have to resort to cheating as their only way to get through. Others place the blame on the present educational system which judges students’ capacities only in terms of scores. But I believe that the loose moral requirement of oneself is at the root of it.
Fortunately, this has not only aroused the attention of school authorities but the whole society as well. Effective measures have already taken to tighten the inspection of testing-rooms. And some moral programs are carried out to promote the students’ virtues such as honesty and self-confidence. There is still a long way to go but only when the whole society works together can we expect to thoroughly get rid of this ugly thing.
正反(兩點(diǎn))論
Recently the issue of…… has been brought into public attention and given rise to much debate…
With the development of economy and steady improvement of living standard, more and more people can afford… (或者…h(huán)ave come into the ordinary households …) and (this has) brought about tremendous changes to our way of work and life.
Some people claim that it is a welcome progress and a good index of …
But others don’t think so. They point out that…the disadvantages of …far outweigh the advantages. Take…as an example.
I myself quite agree with the view of the former (or latter). (If … while no effective measures are enforced, all the benefits we may get from … will end up in disappointment.) Besides… So I think it advisable to …
Example 3
Recently the issue of shopping on line has been brought into public attention and given rise to much debate. With the development of economy and improvement of living standard, more and more people can afford to purchase all sorts of goods not only in department stores but also on line.
Some people claim that it’s a welcome progress and a good index of advances in the ways of shopping. After all, shopping on line can save quite a lot of time while at the same time, and customers will make bargains more conveniently and in a wider scope. But others don’t think so. They point out that the disadvantages of shopping on line far outweigh the advantages. Take the following cases as an example. What will they do if the customers send out money without receiving what they ordered or the products don’t come up to the sellers’ claims?
I myself quite agree with the view of the former. Shopping on line is a trend that no one can stop. Nowadays a large number of people as well as merchants are taking part in it. With more strict commercial laws enforced by the government, on-line shopping will become much safer. So I think it advisable to for us to keep pace with the times and fully enjoy the benefits brought by this new kind of business.
Example 4
Recently the issue of golden weeks has been brought into public attention and given rise to much debate. With the development of economy and steady improvement of living standard, more and more people take advantage of the golden weeks and enjoy themselves in the 7 days.
Some people claim that it is a welcome progress and a good index of advances in social life. Nowadays, most people often feel tired out in the competitive world. They are always busy working, without abundant time to rest. The golden weeks just provide an opportunity for them to enjoy life and relax themselves. But others don’t think so. They point out that the disadvantages of golden weeks far outweigh the advantages. So many people traveling around may cause some social problems. The traffic systems can’t sustain such a large flow of people and high concentration of people in places of interest might be unsafe.
I myself quite agree with the view of the former. People in modern society need relaxation, so as to be more competent for their work. Besides, the tourist boom fueled by golden weeks has produced some good effects on economy and the whole society as well. So I think it advisable to take effective measures to make the golden weeks much better and safer.
書信體作文之道賀信
June 10, 2006
Hi, John:
I’m really very happy to receive your letter and proud of you on hearing that you have …. I’d like to take advantage of this opportunity to express my sincere congratulations again on your success!
As you know, it is not an easy thing to…. How lucky you are! Of course, this owes totally to your hard work and persistent efforts and you deserve it. I think you’d better make full use of the chance and …
Of course, you shouldn’t …too hard at the cost of your …After all, nothing is more important than…
With best regards,
Yours sincerely
Frank
書信體作文之抱怨信
June 10, 2006
Dear Sir:
I’m very sorry to disturb you with my problem but I feel it necessary to complain about …. 敘述事情經(jīng)過(guò)及抱怨的具體內(nèi)容。（常用句型：On comparing the goods received with the samples supplied, I am sorry to notice the great differences in either…or…)|| (I am very sorry to remind you that your late delivery of the goods has brought about much inconvenience to me and…)
As is known to all, … is critical to …I don’t hope to see that …
I would appreciate having someone from your company take an in-depth look at this problem.
I am looking forward to your early reply.
Yours truly
Frank
備注：
因時(shí)間倉(cāng)促，準(zhǔn)備不足，以上范文必定有許多不妥之處。僅供金陵翻譯院四、六級(jí)班及沖刺班學(xué)生考前參考之用，謝絕轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)！
鄧明
|
